Basic Operations
ls [options] [path]
- Lists directory contents
- -la shows hidden files with details
cp [source] [destination]
- Copies files or directories
- -r for recursive directory copy
mv [source] [destination]
- Moves/renames files and directories
rm [options] [file]
- Removes files and directories
- -rf for recursive force delete
Directory Management
mkdir [directory]
- Creates new directory
- -p creates parent directories
rmdir [directory]
- Removes empty directories
cd [path]
- Changes current directory
- ~ for home, .. for parent
pwd
- Shows current working directory
File Permissions
chmod [mode] [file]
- Changes file permissions
- 755, 644 common modes
chown [user:group] [file]
- Changes file ownership
chgrp [group] [file]
- Changes file group ownership
File Information
ls -la
- Detailed file listing with permissions
file [filename]
- Shows file type information
du -sh [path]
- Shows directory size human-readable
df -h
- Shows filesystem disk usage
Search Operations
find [path] -name [pattern]
- Searches for files by name
locate [filename]
- Quick file search using database
which [command]
- Shows command location
Example Operations
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